Question 1 of 100
If '+' means '×', '−' means '÷', '×' means '+', and '÷' means '−', then find:
18 + 6 × 16 − 4 ÷ 2 = ?
A
108
B
110
C
112
D
114
Clear Selection
Question 2 of 100
A is the mother of B. B is the sister of C. C is the father of D. How is A related to C?
A
Aunt
B
Mother
C
Grandmother
D
Sister
Clear Selection
Question 3 of 100
Find the odd one out.
A
Newton
B
Einstein
C
Galileo
D
Shakespeare
Clear Selection
Question 4 of 100
Statement:
A growing number of students are enrolling in online certification courses.
Conclusions:
I. Students want flexible learning options.
II. Traditional colleges are shutting down.
A
Only I follows
B
Only II follows
C
Both follow
D
Neither follows
Clear Selection
Question 5 of 100
Statement:
A ≥ B < C ≤ D = E > F
Conclusion:
I. C > B
II. F < D
A
Only Conclusion I is true
B
Only Conclusion II is true
C
Both are true
D
Both are false
Clear Selection
Question 6 of 100
P is the only son of Q. Q is the only daughter of R. How is P related to R?
A
Son
B
Grandson
C
Nephew
D
Cousin
Clear Selection
Question 7 of 100
What comes next?
BZ, CY , DX, ?
A
EW
B
EV
C
FV
D
FW
Clear Selection
Question 8 of 100
If 6 men can complete a work in 10 days, how many men are needed to complete it in 5 days?
A
10
B
12
C
8
D
6
Clear Selection
Question 9 of 100
The series below contains a sequence of numbers. Identify the incorrect number .
5, 20, 80, 310, 1280
A
20
B
80
C
310
D
1280
Clear Selection
Question 10 of 100
Select the letter-cluster from among the given options that can replace the question mark (?) in the following
series.
DGK, ILP , NQU, ?
A
RVW
B
RWX
C
TXY
D
SVZ
Clear Selection
Question 11 of 100
A and B invest in a business in the ratio 3:4. If the total profit is ₹14,000, what is B’s share?
A
₹6,000
B
₹7,000
C
₹8,000
D
₹9,000
Clear Selection
Question 12 of 100
Statements:
I. The company introduced a work-from-home policy.
II. Employee productivity increased.
A
I is the cause and II is the effect
B
II is the cause and I is the effect
C
Both are effects of the same cause
D
No relation
Clear Selection
Question 13 of 100
Statement:
Many people prefer electric vehicles over petrol vehicles.
Conclusions:
I. Electric vehicles are eco-friendly.
II. Petrol vehicles are banned.
A
Only I follows
B
Only II follows
C
Both follow
D
Neither follows
Clear Selection
Question 14 of 100
If 7 # 1 = 36 and 6 # 1 = 25, then 5 # 1 = ?
A
12
B
16
C
9
D
7
Clear Selection
Question 15 of 100
Find out the WRONG number in the given series.
420, 400, 380, 370, 340
A
400
B
380
C
370
D
340
Clear Selection
Question 16 of 100
If "MOON" is coded as "QSSR", how is "STAR" coded?
A
WXEV
B
WUET
C
VXEQ
D
WXFV
Clear Selection
Question 17 of 100
In the following question, find the alternative that will replace the question mark.
STOP : TOPS :: DRAW : ?
A
WARD
B
RADW
C
ADRW
D
RAWD
Clear Selection
Question 18 of 100
If COLD is coded as DPME, how is WARM coded?
A
XBSN
B
XBSL
C
VZQL
D
XCRM
Clear Selection
Question 19 of 100
Choose the address that is the same as the one given below.
B-22, Shanti Vihar, Ring Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462001
A
B-22, Shanti Vihar, Ring Road, Bhopal, Rajasthan - 462001
B
B-22, Shanti Vihar, Ring Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462001
C
B-22, Shanti Vihar, Ring Rd, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462010
D
B-23, Shanti Vihar, Ring Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - 462001
Clear Selection
Question 20 of 100
Statement:
Employees are advised to switch off computers after office hours.
Conclusions:
I. This reduces electricity consumption.
II. Computers are unsafe to use.
A
Only I follows
B
Only II follows
C
Both follow
D
Neither follows
Clear Selection
Question 21 of 100
What comes next?
1, 9, 25, 49, 81, ?
A
121
B
144
C
100
D
169
Clear Selection
Question 22 of 100
If '+' means '÷', '-' means '+', '×' means '-', and '÷' means '×', then find:
16 + 8 × 4 - 2 ÷ 2 = ?
A
6
B
8
C
2
D
4
Clear Selection
Question 23 of 100
If "+" means "×", "-" means "+", "×" means "÷", and "÷" means "-", then find:
18 + 6 × 3 - 4 ÷ 2 = ?
A
38
B
36
C
40
D
39
Clear Selection
Question 24 of 100
Choose the address that is the same as the one given below.
Sample Address: 14, Blue Lotus Tower, M.G. Road, Pune, Maharashtra - 411001
A
14, Blue Lotus Tower, M.G. Road, Pune, Maharashtra - 411001
B
14 Blue Lotus Tower, MG Road, Pune, Maharashtra - 411001
C
14, Blue Lotus Tower, M.G Road, Pune, Maharashtra - 411010
D
14, Blue Lotus Towers, M.G. Road, Pune, Maharashtra - 411001
Clear Selection
Question 25 of 100
Find the next number in the series.
3, 7, 15, 31, 63, ?
A
95
B
125
C
127
D
131
Clear Selection
Question 26 of 100
Mixed economy implies:
A
State ownership only
B
Private ownership only
C
Coexistence of public and private sectors
D
Foreign investment only
Clear Selection
Question 27 of 100
As per international standards, the weight of a table tennis ball is:
A
2.7 g
B
3.0 g
C
3.5 g
D
4.0 g
Clear Selection
Question 28 of 100
Standard athletics tracks mark each lane with lines of:
A
2 cm
B
5 cm
C
10 cm
D
15 cm
Clear Selection
Question 29 of 100
Which of the following best describes the constitutional status of the Finance Commission of India ?
A
It functions as a permanent body with continuous existence.
B
It is constituted periodically by the President to make recommendations on fiscal distribution.
C
It has the power to levy and collect taxes on behalf of states.
D
It is a statutory body created by an Act of Parliament.
Clear Selection
Question 30 of 100
About enzymes:
1. They lower activation energy.
2. They are substrate specific.
3. They are unaffected by temperature.
A
1 and 2
B
2 and 3
C
1 and 3
D
1, 2, and 3
Clear Selection
Question 31 of 100
Consider the following statements:
1. Article 136 empowers the Supreme Court to grant Special Leave to Appeal from any court or tribunal in India.
2. Article 136 applies automatically to all military court (court-martial) decisions without exception.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A
Only 1
B
Only 2
C
Both 1 and 2
D
Neither 1 nor 2
Clear Selection
Question 32 of 100
Assertion (A): India has increased coastal radar cooperation with neighbors.
Reason (R): Maritime domain awareness is vital for regional security.
A
Both A and R true, R explains A
B
Both true but R not explanation
C
A true R false
D
A false R true
Clear Selection
Question 33 of 100
Taxes on professions are limited by Article:
A
276
B
265
C
280
D
246
Clear Selection
Question 34 of 100
Arrange the following monuments in chronological order (earliest to latest):
A
Qutub Minar -> Humayun’s Tomb -> Taj Mahal
B
Humayun’s Tomb -> Qutub Minar -> Taj Mahal
C
Taj Mahal -> Humayun’s Tomb -> Qutub Minar
D
Qutub Minar -> Taj Mahal -> Humayun’s Tomb
Clear Selection
Question 35 of 100
Which pair is correctly matched?
A
Lord Dalhousie – Doctrine of Lapse
B
Lord Curzon – Vernacular Press Act
C
Lord Ripon – Subsidiary Alliance
D
Lord Hastings – Permanent Settlement
Clear Selection
Question 36 of 100
The composition “Vaishnava Jana To” is commonly rendered in which tala?
A
Dadra
B
Teentaal
C
Ektaal
D
Jhaptaal
Clear Selection
Question 37 of 100
The Nehru Trophy Boat Race held in Kerala is mainly associated with which activity?
A
Elephant processions
B
Snake boat racing
C
Temple rituals
D
Folk theatre
Clear Selection
Question 38 of 100
Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct option regarding Assertion (A) and Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Disinvestment in India has often sparked public and political debate.
Reason (R): Disinvestment involves dilution of government ownership in public sector enterprises.
A
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C
A is true but R is false.
D
A is false but R is true.
Clear Selection
Question 39 of 100
Entry of MNCs is linked with:
A
Liberalisation
B
Nationalisation
C
Swadeshi
D
Protectionism
Clear Selection
Question 40 of 100
Identify the correctly matched Gupta-era term and meaning:
A
Uparikara – Additional tax
B
Vishti – Land grant
C
Bhoga – Judicial penalty
D
Kara – Religious donation
Clear Selection
Question 41 of 100
Which Western Chalukya ruler is known for defeating the Chola king Rajadhiraja I in the Battle of Koppam (1054
CE)?
A
Pulakeshin II
B
Vikramaditya VI
C
Someshvara I
D
Tailapa II
Clear Selection
Question 42 of 100
At the 87th Senior National Badminton Championships 2025 , held in Vijayawada, who won the men’s and
women’s singles titles , respectively?
A
Kiran George and Tanvi Sharma
B
Rithvik Sanjeevi and Surya Charishma Tamiri
C
Rithvik Sanjeevi and Tanvi Patri
D
Kiran George and Surya Charishma Tamiri
Clear Selection
Question 43 of 100
‘ The Ministry of Utmost Happiness was written by which author who is also a recipient of the Sahitya Akademi
Award?
A
Kiran Desai
B
Arundhati Roy
C
Jhumpa Lahiri
D
Anita Desai
Clear Selection
Question 44 of 100
The traditional dance Gaur Maria , featuring headgear with bison horns and vigorous movements, is associated
with which tribe and state?
A
Santhal — Jharkhand
B
Gaur (Maria) — Chhattisgarh
C
Bhil — Rajasthan
D
Toda — Tamil Nadu
Clear Selection
Question 45 of 100
Green Credit Programme rewards:
A
Polluters
B
Voluntary eco-friendly actions
C
Industrial taxes
D
Mining firms
Clear Selection
Question 46 of 100
Regarding the 75th All India Inter Services Basketball Championship 2025 :
1. It was hosted by the Western Command at the DSOI Stadium, Pune.
2. The Indian Air Force team defeated the Indian Army team to clinch the title.
A
Only 1 is correct
B
Only 2 is correct
C
Both 1 and 2 are correct
D
Neither 1 nor 2 is correct
Clear Selection
Question 47 of 100
Core inflation declines when:
A
Commodity prices fall
B
Wages rise
C
Taxes increase
D
Currency weakens
Clear Selection
Question 48 of 100
Energy transition investment depends greatly on:
A
Fossil fuel imports
B
Policy stability
C
High tariffs
D
Coal reserves
Clear Selection
Question 49 of 100
The traditional Dumhal dance of Jammu & Kashmir is especially known for which distinctive feature?
A
Dancers carrying tall conical headgear
B
Performers balancing earthen pots
C
Use of large percussion drums only
D
Solo devotional singing
Clear Selection
Question 50 of 100
Incorrect match:
A
Troposphere – weather
B
Stratosphere – ozone
C
Mesosphere – satellites
D
Thermosphere – auroras
Clear Selection
Question 51 of 100
183 + 143 - 323 + 24192 is equal to:
A
0
B
1
C
-24192
D
48384
Clear Selection
Question 52 of 100
If sin𝛼 =
4
5 and 𝛼 ∈ (0,𝜋/2), then find
1−cot𝛼
1+cot𝛼= ?
A
3/7
B
1/4
C
-1/7
D
1/7
Clear Selection
Question 53 of 100
tan𝜃+cot𝜃 = 2 and 𝜃 ∈ (0,𝜋/2),that what is sec𝜃+cosec𝜃 = ?
A
2√2
B
√2
C
2
D
4√2
Clear Selection
Question 54 of 100
A tree is 30 meters tall. What is the length of the shadow cast by the tree when the sun’s elevation is 30°?
A
10 m
B
15√3𝑚
C
30√3𝑚
D
30 m
Clear Selection
Question 55 of 100
A refrigerator is priced at ₹45,000. A customer gets a discount of ₹5,000 on it. After the discount, the customer
buys a voltage stabilizer for ₹2,000 at a 15% discount. What is the total amount the customer spends on both items?
A
₹42,000
B
₹41,500
C
₹42,700
D
₹41,700
Clear Selection
Question 56 of 100
Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 10 and 15 minutes respectively. After both are opened together for 3 minutes,
the rate of pipe A becomes one -third, and pipe B becomes 2.5 times its original. In how many more minutes will the
tank be full?
A
2 min 15 sec
B
3 min 10 sec
C
2 min 30 sec
D
1 min 45 sec
Clear Selection
Question 57 of 100
In △ ABC, AD is the perpendicular bisector of BC. Are the triangles ABD and ACD congruent? If so, by what rule?
A
Yes, by SSS
B
Yes, by ASA
C
Yes, by SAS
D
No, they are not congruent
Clear Selection
Question 58 of 100
A conical vessel is cut at one-fourth its height from the top, parallel to its base. What is the ratio of the volume of
the top part to the bottom frustum part?
A
1:15
B
1:63
C
1:64
D
1:27
Clear Selection
Question 59 of 100
Simplify the expression: √14+6√5
A
2+√5
B
5+√3
C
3+√5
D
4+√2
Clear Selection
Question 60 of 100
Sneha lent ₹24,000 to Vikas on 4 April 2024 at a simple interest rate of 5% per annum. Vikas plans to pay back
the entire amount on 16 June 2024. What is the total amount Vikas needs to return?
A
₹24,120
B
₹24,180
C
₹24,240
D
₹24,300
Clear Selection
Question 61 of 100
What is the result of (0.73 +0.23 −0.93)÷(3×0.7×0.2×(−0.9)) = ?
A
1
B
-1
C
0
D
2
Clear Selection
Question 62 of 100
If P, Q, and R are three amounts of money such that Q is the simple interest on P, and R is the simple interest on
Q, all for the same time and at the same rate of interest, then which of the following is true?
A
𝑄2 = 𝑃𝑅
B
𝑃2 = 𝑄𝑅
C
𝑅2 = 𝑃𝑄
D
P + Q = R
Clear Selection
Question 63 of 100
The graph of the equation 2x + 5y = 10 passes through which point?
A
(5, 0)
B
(0, 2)
C
(-5, 4)
D
All of the above
Clear Selection
Question 64 of 100
A circle is inscribed in a right triangle with legs of length 10 and 24. What is the radius of the circle?
A
2
B
4
C
6
D
8
Clear Selection
Question 65 of 100
What is the value of sin75∘cos15∘ +cos75∘sin15∘ = ?
A
1/2
B
√3/2
C
0
D
1
Clear Selection
Question 66 of 100
The sides of a rectangular prism are in the ratio 1:2:3. If the volume of the prism is 384 cm³, what is the length of
its longest side?
A
8 cm
B
16 cm
C
12 cm
D
24 cm
Clear Selection
Question 67 of 100
If 𝑥 +
1
𝑥 = −1 , then compute:𝑥5 +
1
𝑥5 +4𝑥3 +
4
𝑥3
A
4
B
7
C
-3
D
5
Clear Selection
Question 68 of 100
If 20% of P = 15% of Q = 12% of R, find P : Q : R.
A
3 : 4 : 5
B
5 : 4 : 3
C
15 : 20 : 12
D
4 : 5 : 6
Clear Selection
Question 69 of 100
A right-angled triangle has legs of 9 cm and 12 cm. A second right -angled triangle is similar to the first, and its
hypotenuse is 45 cm. What is the area of the second triangle?
A
216 cm²
B
324 cm²
C
405 cm²
D
486 cm²
Clear Selection
Question 70 of 100
Which of the following is correct?
√10+√3 > √8+√5√10+√3 < √8+√5√10+√3 = √8+√5
A
i
B
ii
C
iii
D
None of the above
Clear Selection
Question 71 of 100
A solid sphere is placed inside a cube such that it touches all six faces. What percentage of the cube's volume is
occupied by the sphere?
A
47.64%
B
42.54%
C
55.45%
D
52.36%
Clear Selection
Question 72 of 100
A rectangle is a quadrilateral in which:
A
All four interior angles are 90° and opposite sides are equal.
B
Diagonals intersect at 90° and bisect angles.
C
Only one pair of opposite sides is parallel.
D
All four sides are equal in length.
Clear Selection
Question 73 of 100
A sector of a circle has a central angle of 60° and a radius of 12 cm. Another sector of the same circle has a central
angle of 𝜋/2 radians. What is the ratio of the area of the first sector to the area of the second sector?
A
1:2
B
2:3
C
3:4
D
4:5
Clear Selection
Question 74 of 100
A hemisphere of radius 6 cm is carved from a sphere. What is the volume of the hemisphere?
A
72𝜋 cm³
B
144𝜋 cm³
C
216𝜋 cm³
D
288𝜋 cm³
Clear Selection
Question 75 of 100
The length of each of two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle is 15 cm. What is the distance from
the external point to the center of the circle, if the radius is 8 cm?
A
12 cm
B
15 cm
C
17 cm
D
23 cm
Clear Selection
Question 76 of 100
Choose the correct meaning of idiom: Hoist with one's own petard
A
To rise unexpectedly
B
To gain fame unfairly
C
To be ruined by one’s own device
D
To be praised excessively
Clear Selection
Question 77 of 100
Select the correct spelling of a word meaning ‘a person who avoids work or effort’.
A
Sluggard
B
Sluggurd
C
Sluggared
D
Slugard
Clear Selection
Question 78 of 100
Select the most appropriate antonym of the given word: Refulgent
A
Radiant
B
Gleaming
C
Dull
D
Shining
Clear Selection
Question 79 of 100
Choose the correct semantic fit:
The regulatory intervention was regarded as a ______ to escalating hostilities between the rival factions.
A
deterrent
B
detraction
C
detention
D
deviation
Clear Selection
Question 80 of 100
Find the part of the sentence that contains an error:
No sooner had the policy been announced (1)/ when the opposition not only criticized it (2)/ but also (3)/ demanded
its immediate withdrawal. (4)
A
(1)
B
(2)
C
(3)
D
(4)
Clear Selection
Question 81 of 100
Convert the sentence provided below from its passive voice structure to an active voice structure:
The amendments are believed to have been approved by the regulatory authority last quarter .
A
The regulatory authority approved the amendments last quarter .
B
The amendments were approved last quarter .
C
The regulatory authority is believed to have approved the amendments last quarter .
D
The regulatory authority has approved the amendments last quarter .
Clear Selection
Question 82 of 100
What central idea does the passage emphasize about authority and legitimacy?
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage:
The relationship between authority and legitimacy is neither automatic nor absolute. Though frequently treated as
interchangeable in political discourse, they operate within distinct philosophical frameworks. Authority refers to the
recognized right to exe rcise power, often codified through constitutional or institutional mechanisms, whereas
legitimacy is rooted in public consent and ethical justification. The tension between authority and legitimacy
constitutes a persistent concern in political theory and civic governance. Institutions derive authority from legal
mandates, electoral processes, or historical precedent, thereby ensuring procedural continuity and administrative
order . However, legitimacy is contingent upon societal trust and normative approval, which may fluctuate over time.
Regimes that maintain authority without sustaining legitimacy often encounter dissent, civil unrest, or moral criticism.
Historical examples include governments that enacted discriminatory policies under lawful authority ye t faced
widespread resistance for violating ethical norms. Conversely, reform movements —though initially lacking formal
authority—may acquire legitimacy through collective endorsement and moral persuasion. This distinction reveals that
authority does not i nvariably command legitimacy, and legitimacy can at times challenge established authority.
Nevertheless, conflating the two concepts can undermine democratic balance. In pluralistic societies, diverse
constituencies interpret legitimacy through varying cul tural, ideological, and historical lenses. If authority were to
enforce a singular conception of legitimacy, it might suppress dissent and erode institutional neutrality. Contemporary
debates surrounding surveillance, digital governance, and environmental regulation further illuminate this dynamic.
Legal authorization may permit certain actions, yet public legitimacy may question their ethical ramifications.
Therefore, a resilient political system must harmonize institutional authority with evolving standar ds of legitimacy,
while citizens remain vigilant participants in shaping both.
A
Authority always guarantees legitimacy
B
They are distinct and not always aligned
C
Legitimacy is legally enforced
D
Authority replaces ethical standards
Clear Selection
Question 83 of 100
Why does the author refer to reform movements lacking formal authority?
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage:
The relationship between authority and legitimacy is neither automatic nor absolute. Though frequently treated as
interchangeable in political discourse, they operate within distinct philosophical frameworks. Authority refers to the
recognized right to exe rcise power, often codified through constitutional or institutional mechanisms, whereas
legitimacy is rooted in public consent and ethical justification. The tension between authority and legitimacy
constitutes a persistent concern in political theory and civic governance. Institutions derive authority from legal
mandates, electoral processes, or historical precedent, thereby ensuring procedural continuity and administrative
order . However, legitimacy is contingent upon societal trust and normative approval, which may fluctuate over time.
Regimes that maintain authority without sustaining legitimacy often encounter dissent, civil unrest, or moral criticism.
Historical examples include governments that enacted discriminatory policies under lawful authority ye t faced
widespread resistance for violating ethical norms. Conversely, reform movements —though initially lacking formal
authority—may acquire legitimacy through collective endorsement and moral persuasion. This distinction reveals that
authority does not i nvariably command legitimacy, and legitimacy can at times challenge established authority.
Nevertheless, conflating the two concepts can undermine democratic balance. In pluralistic societies, diverse
constituencies interpret legitimacy through varying cul tural, ideological, and historical lenses. If authority were to
enforce a singular conception of legitimacy, it might suppress dissent and erode institutional neutrality. Contemporary
debates surrounding surveillance, digital governance, and environmental regulation further illuminate this dynamic.
Legal authorization may permit certain actions, yet public legitimacy may question their ethical ramifications.
Therefore, a resilient political system must harmonize institutional authority with evolving standar ds of legitimacy,
while citizens remain vigilant participants in shaping both.
A
To criticize constitutional systems
B
To illustrate authority’s permanence
C
To demonstrate legitimacy emerging without official power
D
To argue against democratic governance
Clear Selection
Question 84 of 100
What risk does the passage associate with conflating authority and legitimacy?
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage:
The relationship between authority and legitimacy is neither automatic nor absolute. Though frequently treated as
interchangeable in political discourse, they operate within distinct philosophical frameworks. Authority refers to the
recognized right to exe rcise power, often codified through constitutional or institutional mechanisms, whereas
legitimacy is rooted in public consent and ethical justification. The tension between authority and legitimacy
constitutes a persistent concern in political theory and civic governance. Institutions derive authority from legal
mandates, electoral processes, or historical precedent, thereby ensuring procedural continuity and administrative
order . However, legitimacy is contingent upon societal trust and normative approval, which may fluctuate over time.
Regimes that maintain authority without sustaining legitimacy often encounter dissent, civil unrest, or moral criticism.
Historical examples include governments that enacted discriminatory policies under lawful authority ye t faced
widespread resistance for violating ethical norms. Conversely, reform movements —though initially lacking formal
authority—may acquire legitimacy through collective endorsement and moral persuasion. This distinction reveals that
authority does not i nvariably command legitimacy, and legitimacy can at times challenge established authority.
Nevertheless, conflating the two concepts can undermine democratic balance. In pluralistic societies, diverse
constituencies interpret legitimacy through varying cul tural, ideological, and historical lenses. If authority were to
enforce a singular conception of legitimacy, it might suppress dissent and erode institutional neutrality. Contemporary
debates surrounding surveillance, digital governance, and environmental regulation further illuminate this dynamic.
Legal authorization may permit certain actions, yet public legitimacy may question their ethical ramifications.
Therefore, a resilient political system must harmonize institutional authority with evolving standar ds of legitimacy,
while citizens remain vigilant participants in shaping both.
A
Institutional growth
B
Administrative efficiency
C
Suppression of dissent
D
Economic stagnation
Clear Selection
Question 85 of 100
What contemporary issue does the passage cite to highlight the authority–legitimacy tension?
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage:
The relationship between authority and legitimacy is neither automatic nor absolute. Though frequently treated as
interchangeable in political discourse, they operate within distinct philosophical frameworks. Authority refers to the
recognized right to exe rcise power, often codified through constitutional or institutional mechanisms, whereas
legitimacy is rooted in public consent and ethical justification. The tension between authority and legitimacy
constitutes a persistent concern in political theory and civic governance. Institutions derive authority from legal
mandates, electoral processes, or historical precedent, thereby ensuring procedural continuity and administrative
order . However, legitimacy is contingent upon societal trust and normative approval, which may fluctuate over time.
Regimes that maintain authority without sustaining legitimacy often encounter dissent, civil unrest, or moral criticism.
Historical examples include governments that enacted discriminatory policies under lawful authority ye t faced
widespread resistance for violating ethical norms. Conversely, reform movements —though initially lacking formal
authority—may acquire legitimacy through collective endorsement and moral persuasion. This distinction reveals that
authority does not i nvariably command legitimacy, and legitimacy can at times challenge established authority.
Nevertheless, conflating the two concepts can undermine democratic balance. In pluralistic societies, diverse
constituencies interpret legitimacy through varying cul tural, ideological, and historical lenses. If authority were to
enforce a singular conception of legitimacy, it might suppress dissent and erode institutional neutrality. Contemporary
debates surrounding surveillance, digital governance, and environmental regulation further illuminate this dynamic.
Legal authorization may permit certain actions, yet public legitimacy may question their ethical ramifications.
Therefore, a resilient political system must harmonize institutional authority with evolving standar ds of legitimacy,
while citizens remain vigilant participants in shaping both.
A
Agricultural reforms
B
Electoral funding
C
Digital governance and surveillance
D
Maritime trade policies
Clear Selection
Question 86 of 100
. What is the author’s ultimate recommendation?
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage:
The relationship between authority and legitimacy is neither automatic nor absolute. Though frequently treated as
interchangeable in political discourse, they operate within distinct philosophical frameworks. Authority refers to the
recognized right to exe rcise power, often codified through constitutional or institutional mechanisms, whereas
legitimacy is rooted in public consent and ethical justification. The tension between authority and legitimacy
constitutes a persistent concern in political theory and civic governance. Institutions derive authority from legal
mandates, electoral processes, or historical precedent, thereby ensuring procedural continuity and administrative
order . However, legitimacy is contingent upon societal trust and normative approval, which may fluctuate over time.
Regimes that maintain authority without sustaining legitimacy often encounter dissent, civil unrest, or moral criticism.
Historical examples include governments that enacted discriminatory policies under lawful authority ye t faced
widespread resistance for violating ethical norms. Conversely, reform movements —though initially lacking formal
authority—may acquire legitimacy through collective endorsement and moral persuasion. This distinction reveals that
authority does not i nvariably command legitimacy, and legitimacy can at times challenge established authority.
Nevertheless, conflating the two concepts can undermine democratic balance. In pluralistic societies, diverse
constituencies interpret legitimacy through varying cultural, ideological, and historical lenses. If authority were to
enforce a singular conception of legitimacy, it might suppress dissent and erode institutional neutrality. Contemporary
debates surrounding surveillance, digital governance, and environmental regulation further illuminate this dynamic.
Legal authorization may permit certain actions, yet public legitimacy may question their ethical ramifications.
Therefore, a resilient political system must harmonize institutional authority with evolving standards of legitimacy,
while citizens remain vigilant participants in shaping both.
A
Authority should override legitimacy
B
Legitimacy must reject authority
C
Authority and legitimacy must be harmonized
D
Citizens should disengage from governance
Clear Selection
Question 87 of 100
Rearrange the following sentences to form a coherent paragraph:
1. This mechanism, integral to ecological balance, ensures nutrient recycling within ecosystems.
2. Decomposers break down organic matter into simpler substances.
3. These substances enrich the soil, promoting plant growth.
4. Over time, accumulated biomass undergoes gradual decomposition.
A
4, 2, 3, 1
B
2, 3, 4, 1
C
1, 4, 2, 3
D
3, 2, 4, 1
Clear Selection
Question 88 of 100
Choose the correct one -word substitute for: ‘A system of governance in which rulers exploit public wealth for
personal gain’.
A
Plutocracy
B
Autocracy
C
Kleptocracy
D
Bureaucracy
Clear Selection
Question 89 of 100
A sentence is provided in direct speech. From the four given options, choose the one that most accurately conveys
the sentence in its corresponding indirect speech.
She said, "Where have you kept the confidential files?"
A
She asked where I had kept the confidential files.
B
She asked where had I kept the confidential files.
C
She said where I have kept the confidential files.
D
She questioned where did I keep the confidential files.
Clear Selection
Question 90 of 100
Rearrange the following sentences in correct order to make a logical passage.
1. This necessitates strategic planning and institutional coherence.
2. Policy reform frequently encounters bureaucratic inertia.
3. Transparent dialogue can mitigate resistance and foster cooperation.
4. Nevertheless, reform remains essential for systemic advancement.
A
2-4-1-3
B
4-2-1-3
C
3-1-2-4
D
1-3-2-4
Clear Selection
Question 91 of 100
Change the following from active to passive:
The committee might have revised the regulatory framework during the session.
A
The regulatory framework might revise by the committee during the session.
B
The regulatory framework might be revised by the committee during the session.
C
The regulatory framework might have been revised by the committee during the session.
D
The regulatory framework has been revised by the committee during the session.
Clear Selection
Question 92 of 100
A sentence is provided in indirect speech. From the four given options, choose the one that most accurately
conveys the sentence in its corresponding direct speech.
The consultant remarked that had the audit been conducted earlier, the discrepancies would have been detected.
A
"If the audit was conducted earlier, the discrepancies would have been detected," said the consultant.
B
"If only the audit had been conducted earlier, the discrepancies were detected," he said.
C
"Had the audit been conducted earlier, the discrepancies would have been detected," said the consultant.
D
"Had we conduct the audit earlier, the discrepancies would be detected," said the consultant.
Clear Selection
Question 93 of 100
Choose the correct one-word substitution for: ‘A person who pretends to be someone else in order to deceive
others’.
A
Mimic
B
Actor
C
Impostor
D
Spectator
Clear Selection
Question 94 of 100
A sentence is provided in direct speech. From the four given options, choose the one that most accurately conveys
the sentence in its corresponding indirect speech.
He said, "Water boils at one hundred degrees Celsius."
A
He said that water boiled at one hundred degrees Celsius.
B
He said that water boils at one hundred degrees Celsius.
C
He said that water had boiled at one hundred degrees Celsius.
D
He said that water has boiled at one hundred degrees Celsius.
Clear Selection
Question 95 of 100
Choose the most suitable option to replace the highlighted part of the sentence:
The committee has been reviewing the draft policy since four days.
A
from four days
B
by four days
C
for four days
D
since four day
Clear Selection
Question 96 of 100
Which of these is the correct spelling of a theory centered on utility and consequences?
A
Utilitarianism
B
Utiliterianism
C
Utilitarionism
D
Utillitarianism
Clear Selection
Question 97 of 100
Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word: FELICITOUS
A
Inappropriate
B
Awkward
C
Incongruous
D
Suitable
Clear Selection
Question 98 of 100
Select the most appropriate synonym of the given word: DILATORY
A
Sluggish
B
Immediate
C
Active
D
Resolute
Clear Selection
Question 99 of 100
Find the part of the sentence that contains an error:
She delivered (1)/ a comprehensive overview of the proposal (2)/ but failed to substantiate her claims (3)/ with
sufficient evidences. (4)/
A
(1)
B
(2)
C
(3)
D
(4)
Clear Selection
Question 100 of 100
Select the sentence containing the homonym of the highlighted word:
The basilica dominates the skyline with its ornate domes.
A
The historian studied the architecture of the ancient basilica.
B
Tourists gathered inside the grand basilica at sunset.
C
The chef garnished the dish with freshly chopped basilica leaves.
D
The choir performed hymns within the basilica hall.
Clear Selection