Important Species, Sanctuaries and Protected Areas in News (e.g., Jai Prakash Narayan Bird Sanctuary)

Why it is Important

UPSC frequently tests geographical location, ecosystem type, and indicator species of sanctuaries and national parks that have been in the news due to conservation issues or development projects.

Key points for Prelims

• Jai Prakash Narayan Bird Sanctuary: Located in Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, surrounding the natural Surha Tal lake. It is a major habitat for migratory birds.
• Species in Focus: Great Indian Bustard (critically endangered), Olive Ridley Turtles (vulnerable, nesting in Gahirmatha), and Hangul/Kashmir Stag (critically endangered, Dachigam).
• Ecological Threat: Encroachment, pesticide runoff from agriculture, and invasive water hyacinth clogging local wetlands.

Mains Relevance

Habitat fragmentation, human-wildlife conflict, and climate change are accelerating biodiversity loss. Community-based ecotourism offers a path to balance conservation and livelihoods.

Way Forward

Declare eco-sensitive zones around sanctuaries, implement wetland restoration programs, and engage local youth in wildlife monitoring and anti-poaching squads.